Ectopic Pregnancy
There are so many physical and emotional shifts that happen during pregnancy. That’s why it’s important to listen to your body and monitor these changes. Some are a normal part of the pregnancy journey, but others may signal something is wrong and medical attention is needed.
What is ectopic pregnancy?
In a healthy pregnancy, a fertilized egg is implanted inside the uterus. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside, most commonly in the fallopian tube (also called a tubal pregnancy). This can also occur inside abdomen, on the ovaries, cervix or abdominal cavity.
Symptoms and warning signs of ectopic pregnancy can include:
- Abdominal, pelvic and back pain
- Vaginal bleeding
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
- Low blood pressure
- Shoulder pain
As the embryo continues to grow outside of the uterus, the stress can cause pain. In the case of a tubal ectopic pregnancy, the fallopian tube may rupture and cause internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not treated.
Causes of ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancies occur when the egg is stuck or slowed down on its way from the fallopian tube to the uterus. This is sometimes due to a hormone imbalance, but is more often caused by damage and scar tissue. For that reason, ectopic pregnancies are linked to:
- Untreated sexually transmitted disease
- Previous ectopic pregnancy
- Tubal surgery
- Tobacco use
Who is at risk for ectopic pregnancy?
One half of people who have an ectopic pregnancy have no risk factors. However, people at increased risk for an ectopic pregnancy include those who have:
- Previous ectopic pregnancy
- Endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease
- Struggled to get pregnant
- Undergone fertility treatments such as IVF
- Gotten pregnant after an IUD failure
Diagnosis and testing for ectopic pregnancy
A healthcare provider will perform an exam and lab test to confirm pregnancy. They will then determine if the pregnancy is ectopic through an ultrasound, urine and/or a blood tests.
Treatment options for ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancies may be life threatening and require immediate medical intervention to save the pregnant person’s life. Patients should be evaluated and counseled to determine the most appropriate management and the impact to future pregnancy. Treatment options can include:
- Medication via injection: One common injection is methotrexate (Rheumatrex), can be administered to stop an ectopic embryo’s growth and prevent it from bursting.
- Laparoscopic surgery: Salpingostomy and salpingectomy both require a small abdominal incision and the assistance of a lighted camera lens. In a salpingostomy, the surgeon removes the ectopic embryo and lets the fallopian tube heal on its own. A salpingectomy removes both the embryo and tube.
- Laparotomy (emergency surgery): The surgeon removes the embryo and removes or repairs the fallopian tube damage through an open abdominal incision.
Next steps for patient
If you’d like to meet with a provider and find the best care options, it’s time to reach out to Main Line Health. Schedule a visit with a specialist today.